Which health issue is linked to increased secretion of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by an increased secretion of cortisol, which can arise from several underlying causes, such as a pituitary adenoma, adrenal tumors, or ectopic ACTH production. Elevated cortisol levels can lead to a variety of symptoms, including weight gain, a rounded face, high blood pressure, and changes in mood. The excess cortisol affects multiple body systems, contributing to the classic appearance and associated health complications of the syndrome.

In contrast, the other options represent different disorders. Acromegaly is primarily linked to excess growth hormone rather than cortisol. Diabetes is primarily related to insulin production or resistance and is not specifically tied to cortisol secretion. Addison's disease involves insufficient production of cortisol, leading to its own set of complications including fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Thus, Cushing's syndrome is the only condition among the choices listed that is directly associated with increased levels of cortisol.