What is the major function of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)?

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a crucial role in promoting growth and development of tissues, specifically during childhood and adolescence. It is primarily produced in the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) stimulation. IGF-1 fosters cell growth and multiplication, contributing significantly to bone and muscle development. It operates through a signaling pathway that facilitates cellular processes such as protein synthesis and cell differentiation, which are critical for proper growth and development.

While insulin and IGF-1 are related, IGF-1 does not primarily function to regulate insulin levels, enhance glucose metabolism, or support immune function as its main role. Instead, its focus is specifically on stimulating growth, making it essential for normal physical development and tissue repair throughout the body.